Equity and Equivalence in Language Examinations
Increasingly there is a concern that all students, young and old, should have an equal opportunity to enjoy an education that is most suitable to them to reach their aims…
José Noijons
What does it mean for a test to be at a particular level?
Increasingly, language tests in Europe are being linked to the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) developed by the Council of Europe. The framework distinguishes levels of language competence in…
Achievements and Attitudes in the Learning and Teaching of Mother Tongue and Mathematics in Grades 4 and 9 in the Republic of Azerbaijan
The Azerbaijan National Assessment Study (ANAS) was planned as part of the second stage of the Azerbaijan Education Reform Project. It was carried out by Cito, the Dutch Institute for…