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An Exploratory Study on the use of Two Standard Setting Methods in the Validation of Mother Tongue Language Descriptors – The Singapore Experience

To nurture students to be proficient users of the Mother Tongue languages in Singapore, a proficiency-oriented approach has been recommended. Central to the proficiency-oriented approach is a set of language proficiency descriptors that explicitly spell out the six core language skills (Reading, Listening, Speaking, Spoken Interaction, Writing and Written Interaction) and the levels of attainment at key stages of learning. Such proficiency descriptors could help guide teachers in their teaching and inform students abouttheir learning progress. An exploratory study was conducted to validate the proficiency descriptors. In this study, the ‘,Bookmark method’, and ‘,Body of Work’, standard setting methods were used, and feedback into the validation cycle with further triangulation through teacher surveys and interviews regarding the proficiency descriptors. This paper shares some of the experiences and learning from the application of these standard setting methods in the process of validating the proficiency descriptors, in particular, the importance of building consensus and clarifying standards amongst the standard setting panelists.Keywords: Validation, Proficiency Descriptors, Body of Work Method, Bookmark Method

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