Oral examinations are usually conducted face-to-face between examiners and candidates. This works well for a small country like Singapore where almost all examiners and candidates do not have to travel…
As the language learning landscape changes with the increasing use of Information and Communication Technology, exploratory studies were carried out on English Language assessment in written and oral communications with…
This paper studied the item parameter drift (IPD), uniform and non-uniform, of the trend items in the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). TIMSS has maintained and used…